• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an apparatus and method for exploiting geothermal energy by circulation of a fluid through a geological formation. The apparatus includes a supply bore leading to the geological formation, a return bore for transporting heated fluid to the surface, and a device connecting the supply and return bore, which includes hydraulically parallel heat transfer surfaces in the formation over which heat is transferred. A soil drilling starts from the bottom of the supply well; a second bottom bore starts from the bottom of the return bore. Both are separated in the horizontal and vertical directions. The heat transfer surfaces are connected to the bottom bores.
    公开号:BE1022154B1
    申请号:E2014/0153
    申请日:2014-03-10
    公开日:2016-02-19
    发明作者:Ben Laenen
    申请人:Vito；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Geothermal device that uses a fracture zone in a warm dry rock
    The present invention relates to a device for exploiting geothermal energy and to a method for generating such a device using a geological formation at depth.
    Background WO 96/23181 describes an attempt to use abandoned offshore oil wells for extracting thermal energy, which in turn is supposed to be converted to electrical power and delivered to an end user. Two 3000 m deep wells are used as supply and return holes, which are connected to each other at their lower end by means of a substantially horizontally drilled loop that is 1000 m long and has a diameter of 21.5 cm. A flow rate of 700 m3 / h of water is circulated through the loop with a supply temperature of 20 ° C. The publication simply assumes that the water will return at a temperature of 90 ° C, which is the temperature of the formation where the connecting loop is located, and thus will provide 40 MW of thermal power. This assumption is found to be inaccurate. Using the described method referred to above, it has been found that the water return temperature would be only a few degrees above the supply temperature and that the loop would have to be more than 60 times longer to be able to deliver 40 MW.
    Summary of the invention
    The present invention relates to a device for exploiting geothermal energy by circulating a fluid such as water through a geological formation, at least 700 m, or 1000, 3000 or 4000 m below the earth's surface, comprising at least one supply bore which is of the surface leads to the geological formation, at least one return bore for transporting heated fluid, such as water, from the geological formation to the surface, and a heat-absorbing device connecting the supply and return bore to each other, which heat-absorbing device is a series of hydraulic parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces in the geological formation, over which heat is transferred from the geological formation to the fluid, such as water.
    In general, such geothermal energy devices, which generate cracks in the rock to access underground heat reservoirs, can trigger earthquakes, and embodiments of the present inventions are designed to limit the risk of earthquakes. Furthermore, a geothermal device according to embodiments of the present invention limits the risk that a hydraulic connection cannot be established between the supply and return bores through the hot rock mass.
    The present invention also relates to a method for creating a cracked geological formation for use with a device for exploiting geothermal energy by circulating a fluid such as water through the cracked geological formation, at least 700 m, or 1000, 3000 or 4000 m below the earth's surface, which method comprises: - drilling at least one supply bore leading from the surface to the geological formation; - forming a first bore from the bottom of the feed bore, which is at an angle to the feed bore, optionally substantially horizontal; - drilling at least one return bore for conveying heated fluid, such as water, from the geological formation to the surface, wherein the return bore is optionally less deep than the supply bore; - forming a second bore from the bottom of the return bore, which is at an angle to the return bore, optionally substantially horizontal, and which is separated from the first bore by a distance in horizontal and vertical direction; - generating cracked zones in the geological formation between the first and the second bore, in order to form a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces, which allow heat to be transferred from the geological formation to the fluid, such as water, when it circulates between the supply and return bores.
    The present invention is applicable, for example, to the exploitation of geothermal energy from hot dry rock formations (HDR). To compensate for the low thermal conductivity of such formations, the present invention extracts thermal energy through a very large heat transfer surface that is made available in the geological formation and is related to the series of numerous hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces.
    According to embodiments of the present invention, such a very large heat transfer surface is created by cracked zones between the angled horizontal sections of the feed and return bore, separated from each other by a distance in horizontal and vertical direction, such as 200 up to 1000 m or 250 to 800 or 300 to 750 m. The cracked zones can be generated, for example, by either expanding existing cracks by inflating the rock between the angled, eg horizontal first and second bores using explosives, or by creating cracks between the angled or horizontal sections of the feed and return bore, which are separated by a distance in the horizontal and vertical directions, such as 200 to 1000 m or 250 to 800 or 300 to 750 m, by cooling and heating and / or by using hydrostatic pressure on it rock, of which the latter is preferred. In order to prevent the flow conditions for the circulating fluid from becoming unpredictable due to differences in hydraulic resistance between hydraulically parallel heat transfer surfaces, the present invention can use a multi-step process to create the hydraulic parallel heat transfer surfaces. Furthermore, flow measurement can be used to determine the flow resistance in fissures that intersect the different sections of the bores.
    In a geothermal device according to embodiments of the present invention, a large volume of hot rock is in close proximity to the heat transfer surfaces. A geothermal device according to embodiments of the present invention, for example designed to heat a fluid such as water and to generate hot water, preferably has at least 20,000 m3 of rock within a range of 10 m from each heat transfer surface for each kW that the device must be able to deliver.
    Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, a power plant is provided for exploiting geothermal energy of the type defined in the introductory paragraph above, characterized in that it has a given nominal power in MW, defined as the cracked formation absorbed heat per second, the multiple and hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces include at least one drilled heat absorption hole, and the rock volume of said formation is at least about 15,000,000 m3, preferably at least 20,000,000 m3, multiplied by the stated nominal capacity.
    These numbers represent a much larger mass of rock than was thought possible by any prior art device for economically feasible exploitation.
    The inventors have found that the most efficient way to utilize heat extraction from a sufficiently large volume of rock is to create a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces at depth in warm rock. The term "hydraulic parallel" means that fluid flows exist in parallel, although the geometric shape of these interfaces is not necessarily mathematically parallel.
    The present invention is based in part on the observation that rocks at a distance of tens of meters from a heat transfer surface will not contribute much heat energy, due to the low thermal conductivity of rocks. Thus, from a heat transfer point of view, a large number of relatively parallel hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces were much more efficient.
    According to embodiments of the present invention, bore for supply and return of the fluid would normally exceed 3 km in depth, preferably 5 km in depth, and most preferably more than 6 km. Furthermore, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, multiple quasi-parallel or hydraulically parallel heat transfer interfaces are created at this depth in dry rock, in order to make a sufficiently large volume of hot rock available to supply the desired heat during the required lifetime of the design.
    Thus, according to a second aspect, the invention provides a device for exploiting geothermal energy by circulating a fluid, such as water, through a geological formation, at least 700 m, or more than 1000 m, 3000 m, 4000 m below the earth's surface, comprising the geological formation with burst zones as mentioned above. The minimum depth range is determined by the fact that the invention is based on the creation of a series of hydraulically parallel subvertical breaks using hydraulic techniques. Hydraulically formed cracks are formed in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the least stress. Based on experience, horizontal fractures will occur at depths of less than about 600 to 700 m because the Earth's top load at these depths provides the least prevailing stress. If jerk is applied under these relatively shallow conditions, it is most likely that the cracks are formed along a horizontal plane, because it will be easier to split the rock in this direction than in any other direction. As the depth increases beyond 700 m, the overload stress tends to become the dominant stress. Since hydraulically induced fractures are formed in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the least stress, the resulting fractures at depths of more than 700 m tend to be oriented in the vertical direction.
    According to a further aspect of the present invention, a geothermal energy exploiting device of the type described above is characterized in that the heat-absorbing device comprises a plurality of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer interfaces arranged in a parallel flow relationship of the angled or horizontal section of the supply bore up to the angled or horizontal section of the return bore and located at depth.
    As the rock temperature increases with increasing depth, allowing fluid to flow through the hydraulic parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces at the maximum depth will allow the greatest temperature increase in the fluid used to extract heat from the hot rock, such as water, to achieve, and therefore also the largest absorption of heat energy.
    The distance between adjacent heat interface layers that provide hydraulically parallel flow is about 15 m, for example 5 to 25 m, preferably at least 10 m. On the other hand, the spacing is preferably less than about 50 m to limit the physical size of the device. . A device according to the invention can have a single supply bore and a single return bore. However, the device may have a plurality of feed bores provided, preferably at circumferentially equal distances, around a common return bore. For example, in a specific embodiment, three feed bores may be provided around a single return bore. It should be noted that the return bore may be a single drilled bore or a cluster of closely spaced bores of smaller diameter that exhibit substantially the same heat and pressure loss characteristics as a single bore of larger diameter.
    The upper ends of the supply bore and the return bore are preferably arranged close to each other, with the bores optionally diverging downwards, such that a substantial distance is created between the ends of the supply and return bore. This distance is preferably about 500 to 1000 m. Such an arrangement of the device allows a compact construction of the device on the surface, while allowing the necessary size of the heat transfer interfaces at depth.
    Generally, bores are drilled vertically in the geological formation until a hard rock is achieved that allows easy derivation of the drilling direction. The derivation starts at least 100 m, preferably 500 m above the intended depth of the (semi) horizontal section of the bores, the actual starting point being determined by the technically feasible mounting angle of the drilling technique used under local geological conditions. The well that will ultimately serve as an injection well is expanded vertically over an additional distance of 500 to 2000 m. Generally, at depths of kilometers, where most HDR formations exist, the planes along which these formations fracture are directionally oriented and aligned in an approximately vertical plane. Some such formations have been studied to the extent that the compass direction of the vertical plane along which the formation is most likely to fracture is known in advance. If this is not known, or as an additional measure, a core sample can be taken from the bottom of at least one vertical well (which can be either the supply bore or the return bore), and this core and the exposed cavity can be removed are analyzed according to granular orientation and tectonic stress, which, in conjunction with other available geophysical data on the formation, allow to determine the direction of the plane along which a vertical fracture is most likely to occur. Other alternative methods can be used to determine the direction of the fracture plane, such as geophysical notes, the installation of optical fibers to measure casing deformation, pressure drop tests or the creation of a test fracture whose direction is determined by the injection of radioactive tracers .
    After the direction of the most likely fracture plane for the formation has been determined, one or more additional bores are drilled in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the compass direction of such planes. Although it is preferable to achieve perpendicularity between the first and second angled or substantially horizontal bores and the fracture plane, absolute perpendicularity is not essential. The first and second angled or substantially horizontal bores can intersect the expected fracture planes at an angle that deviates up to 45 degrees from the perpendicular. The term approximately perpendicular is intended to include such a deviation. The vertical angle of deviation from the cracks can vary from just 0 degrees to as much as 60 degrees, such as between 30 degrees and about 45 degrees. The precise arrangement of the bores depends on a trade-off determined by the temperature gradient of the formation and the drilling cost of the operation. Since it is generally preferred to extend the first and second angled or substantially horizontal bores through the HDR formation until, in operation, a temperature of at least about 125 ° C is achieved in the circulated fluid, the extent of the additional drilling is a function of the temperature gradient of the formation. The minimum distance over which the first and second angled or substantially horizontal bores are extended through the HDR formation must be sufficient to accommodate the plurality of hydraulically parallel heat transfer surfaces, which will then be induced along the first and second under a angled or substantially horizontal bores. The minimum distance is a function of the number of desired heat transfer surfaces multiplied by the distance between the heat transfer surfaces.
    Brief description of the figures
    For a better understanding of the invention, it is described with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a geothermal device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan of a geological formation with the heat transfer interfaces of the device of FIG. 1.
    Description of the embodiments
    The present invention will be described on the basis of specific embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto, but only by the claims. The described drawings are only schematic and non-limiting. In the drawings, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated for illustrative reasons and not to scale. Where the term "include" is used in the present description and claims, this does not exclude other elements or steps. Where an indefinite or definite article is used referring to a singular noun, eg "a" or "de," this includes a plural of that noun, unless specifically stated otherwise.
    Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like in the description and claims are used to distinguish similar elements, and not necessarily to describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms thus used are interchangeable under the relevant circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of functioning in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.
    Figures 1 and 2 are schematic and show elements at different depths as if the intervening rock was transparent. The geothermal device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 has a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces 10 located in a geological formation below the earth's surface. The heat transfer surfaces are located between horizontal bottom sections 6, 8, described as the first and second horizontal bottom sections of supply and return bores 2, 4; the horizontal bottom sections 6, 8 of supply and return bores 2, 4 are separated from each other by a distance in the horizontal directions ("X" and "Z") and vertical direction ("Y"), such as 200 to 1000 m or 250 up to 800 m or 300 to 750 m. The heat transfer surfaces 10 therefore form a structure that extends in all three of the orthogonal X, Y, Z. The heat transfer surfaces 10 are schematically represented as parallel, flat surfaces; in practice, however, the exact shape of these surfaces will be determined by the way the rock bursts. The burst zones are selected so that parallel flow paths are generated, which promotes heat transfer.
    The device comprises a supply bore 2 with an inner diameter of at least 15.0 cm, for example 15.0 cm or 19.0 cm or 21.2 cm or 31.3 cm, running from an injection well head 16, and a return bore 4 with a inner diameter of at least 15.0 cm, for example 15.0 cm or 19.0 cm or 21.2 cm or 31.3 cm, running from a production well head 18. The supply bore 2 is formed deeper than the return bore 4 over a distance of for example 250 m, for example 250 to 500 m. However, the return bore can also be formed deeper than the supply bore. Substantially horizontal bottom sections 6, 8 are formed at the bottom of the supply and return bore holes 2, 4. The bottom sections 6, 8 of the supply and return bore holes 2, 4 are connected to each other by the series of parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces 10, the spacing of these interfaces being determined by the way in which the surrounding rock fractures. The cracked zone is preferably set up in this area to provide fluid communication between the feed and return bore. As shown in Figure 2, the wellheads 16, 18 are located at angles according to a diagonal of the fracture zone with the hydraulically parallel heat transfer interfaces 10.
    The bores 2, 4 are drilled substantially vertically into the geological formation until a desired hard rock is achieved that allows a safe build-up of the diversion with respect to the vertical of the bottom sections, and preferably 100 m, more preferably 500 m above the intended depth of the (semi) horizontal soil sections: the actual starting point of the derivation is determined by the technically feasible build-up angle of the drilling technique used under local geological conditions. The bore that will ultimately serve as the supply bore is expanded vertically over an additional distance D, from for example 200 to 1500 m, or 250 to 2000 m, or 300 m to 3000 m, depending on the volume of rock needed to reach the intended nominal ability to achieve. Generally, at depths of kilometers, where most HDR formations exist, the planes along which these formations fracture are directionally oriented and aligned in an approximately vertical plane. Some such formations have been studied to the extent that the compass direction of the vertical plane along which the formation is most likely to fracture is known in advance. If this is not known, or as an additional measure, a core sample can be taken from the bottom of at least one vertical well in a directional manner, and this core and the exposed cavity can be analyzed according to granular orientation and tectonic stress, which in interplay with other available geophysical data on the formation allows to determine the direction of the plane along which a vertical fracture is most likely to occur. Other alternative methods can be used to determine the direction of the fracture surface, such as geophysical notes, the installation of optical fibers to measure deformation of the casing, pressure drop tests or the creation of a test fracture whose direction is determined by the injection of radioactive tracers .
    After the direction of the most likely fracture plane for the formation has been determined, one or more additional bores are drilled in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the compass direction of such planes. Although it is preferable to achieve perpendicularity between the first and second bores and the expected fracture plane, absolute perpendicularity is not essential. The derived wells can intersect the expected fracture planes at an angle that deviates up to 45 degrees from the perpendicular. The term approximately perpendicular is intended to include such a deviation. The minimum distance over which the derived first and second bottom sections 6, 8 are extended through the HDR formation must be sufficient to accommodate the plurality of quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces that will then be induced along the first and second bottom sections 6, 8. The minimum distance is a function of the number of desired heat transfer surfaces and the distance between the heat transfer surfaces.
    The upper portions of the supply and return bores 2, 4 can be provided with one or more blind relocations to seal the bores in this area with respect to the surrounding groundwater layers. The depth, dimensions and strength of the casing sections must be selected on the basis of the local geological conditions, the integrity of the drilling and the regulations. Each bore is drilled in one or more sections of different diameters. All sections except the last one are completed by installing and cementing a blind move to create a stable bore, properly sealed from the surrounding formations, for the next section to be drilled. Consequently, the diameter of the successive sections gradually decreases. Thus, the minimum internal diameter of the last section must be taken into account when selecting the diameters of the other bore sections.
    The length of each section is determined by the depth range that can be drilled in a safe and environmentally friendly way, taking into account local geological conditions, the integrity of the drilling and the regulations.
    At the surface, the supply and return bore 2, 4 are connected to each other by line 12 on one side of a housing 14 which has a separation heat exchanger. A production pump, such as an electric submersible pump or line shaft pump, is installed in the vertical portion of the return bore 4. An auxiliary circulation pump (not shown) can be placed between the separation heat exchanger and the wellhead of the supply bore 16.
    The other side of the separation heat exchanger is preferably in fluid communication with various heat consuming devices, for example a radiator, a hot air heater and a hot water reservoir, a district heating system and / or an electric power generation system.
    The method of creating a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer interfaces, located in a geological formation below the earth's surface, e.g. at a depth of up to 6 km, is as follows. After the horizontal bottom section of the bore has been drilled, geophysical aids are used to determine the shape of the horizontal section, to locate any pre-existing cracks, and to identify the strength of the formation. This information is used together with stress measurements to determine the operational parameters for a multi-step process for expanding or creating artificial cracks, such as the opening or breaking pressure and the pressure to be built up and the amounts of fluid and filler to be pumped down to open or create the cracks and keep them open. Once the operational parameters are known, part of the horizontal bottom section is sealed, e.g., by using an open-borehole packer or cement, and the pressure within the sealed section is increased by pumping a fluid such as water into the sealed section until the opening or breaking pressure is reached and the rock fails. At that time, a filler, such as graded sand or a man-made ceramic material, is injected together with the fluid to keep the cracks created open once the pressure is reduced. Ultimately, the pressure in the sealed section is reduced by allowing the fluid to flow out. This process is repeated several times until the full length of the horizontal bottom section is complete, or until a sufficiently large heat exchange surface is created, the minimum size of the fractured rock mass being at least 15,000,000 m3, and preferably at least 20,000. 000 m3 per MW nominal capacity, with a preferred spacing of the cracks of about 15 m, such as 5 m to 25 m, and less than 50 m.
    After the hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer interfaces have been created in the supply and return bore, a flow test is performed by injecting a fluid, such as water, into the supply bore and retrieving the fluid through the return bore. During this test, the velocity of the fluid is measured along at least the horizontal bottom sections, e.g., by running a flow meter or by installing flow meters along at least the horizontal sections of the bores, to determine the flow resistance of the hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces that cut the bores. In places where a heat transfer surface with low flow resistance intersects a bore, the velocity of the fluid will change abruptly. To avoid undesired cooling of the collected fluid due to a short circuit, the heat transfer surfaces should have similar flow resistances: the flow resistance of the heat transfer surfaces with the lowest flow resistance should differ by less than a factor of 10, preferably less than a factor of 10 factor 5, preferably less than a factor 2. If the flow resistance of one or more of the heat transfer surfaces is too low, the portion of the bore cut by the heat transfer surface is sealed, e.g. by using an open borehole packer or cementing, and a blocking agent, such as cement, clay pills, or a self-hardening material, is injected to block the heat transfer surface. After the blocking agent has been injected, the seal is removed and the bore is cleaned to remove any remaining blocking agent from the bore.
    The present invention has the advantage that it is not necessary to construct an underground heat exchanger through a large number of drilled holes. According to embodiments of the present invention, rock-cracked is used to create multiple heat transfer surfaces in an economical and safe manner, i.e. with a reduction in earthquake hazard.
    It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in any way by the exemplary embodiments described above, but on the contrary can be varied and modified in different ways without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    Conclusions
    An apparatus for exploiting geothermal energy by circulating a fluid through a geological formation, comprising: at least one supply bore leading from the surface to the geological formation, at least one return bore for conveying heated fluid from the geological formation surface formation, and a heat-absorbing device connecting the feed and return bore, said heat-absorbing device comprising a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces in the geological formation, over which heat is transferred from the geological formation to the fluid; further comprising: a first bottom bore from the bottom of the feed bore that extends away from the feed bore; a second bottom bore from the bottom of the return bore which extends away from the return bore and which is separated from the first bottom bore by a distance in the horizontal and vertical directions (X, Y, Z), the hydraulically parallel or quasi- parallel heat transfer surfaces are in fluid communication with the first and second bottom drilling.
    [2]
    Device according to claim 1, wherein the distance is 200 to 1000 m.
    [3]
    Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the geological formation is at a depth of at least 700 m, optionally more than 4 km below the earth's surface.
    [4]
    The device of any preceding claim, wherein the fluid is water.
    [5]
    Device according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second bottom drilling extend in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the compass direction of the fracture planes of the geological formation.
    [6]
    Device according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second bottom drilling extend in a horizontal direction.
    [7]
    Device according to any preceding claim, wherein the distance between adjacent heat interface layers that provide hydraulic parallel flow is 10 to 25 m.
    [8]
    A method of forming a geological formation for use with a device for exploiting geothermal energy by circulating a fluid through the geological formation below the earth's surface, which method comprises: drilling at least one supply bore that is from the surface leads to the geological formation; forming a first bore from the bottom of the feed bore that extends away from the feed bore; drilling at least one return bore for conveying heated fluid from the geological formation to the surface; forming a second bore from the bottom of the return bore extending away from the return bore and separated from the first bore by a distance in the horizontal and vertical directions (X, Y, Z); generating fracture zones in the geological formation between the first and second bore to form a series of hydraulically parallel or quasi-parallel heat transfer surfaces that permit the transfer of heat from the geological formation to the fluid as it circulates between the supply and return bore.
    [9]
    The method of claim 8, wherein the distance is 200 to 1000 m.
    [10]
    The method of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the geological formation is at a depth of at least 700 m, optionally more than 4 km below the earth's surface.
    [11]
    The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the fluid is water.
    [12]
    The method of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the first and second bottom drilling are formed such that they extend in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the compass direction of the fracture planes of the geological formation.
    [13]
    The method of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the first and second bottom drilling are formed such that they extend in a horizontal direction.
    [14]
    A method according to any of claims 8 to 13, wherein the distance between adjacent heat interface layers that provide hydraulic parallel flow is 10 to 25 m.
    [15]
    Use of the system according to any of claims 1 to 7 or the method according to any of claims 8 to 14 for the production of electricity, the distribution of heat in a district heating system, or provision of heat to commercial or private buildings or for industrial processes.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
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    CH706301A1|2012-03-20|2013-09-30|Geo En Suisse Ag|Method for manufacturing power plant for extraction of heat from rock formation for e.g. electricity generation, involves limiting size of surface to validity limits with which extrapolation of shocks maximum magnitude is led to result|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP141583427|2014-03-07|
    EP14158342|2014-03-07|CN201580015588.0A| CN106415151B|2014-03-07|2015-03-06|Utilize the underground heat equipment in xeothermic rock crackle forming region|
    HK17105995.5A| HK1232281A1|2014-03-07|2017-06-16|Geothermal plant using hot dry rock fissured zone|
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